marie‑antoinette von österreich‑lothringen

During this time the queen had been deprived of the company of many of her most intimate friends, as they had emigrated after the fall of the Bastille, but she continued to display great personal courage that sustained the royal family both then and throughout its later disasters. She was reviled by the French public for her lavish spending. Though the first seven years of her marriage were childless, she then bore a daughter, Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte; two sons, Louis-Joseph and Louis-Charles (both of whom died young); and another daughter (who died in infancy). She was charged with aiding the enemy and inciting civil war. Marie-Antoinette was the youngest daughter of the Holy Roman emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa and was married to Louis XVI. Marie-Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen. In more than one sense, Marie-Antoinette was a victim of circumstance. November 1755 in Wien; † 16. Marie Antoinette was born in Austria, the 15th of 16 children born to Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Austrian Empress Maria Theresa. Durch Heirat mit dem Thronfolger Ludwig August wurde sie am 16. May 1, 2012 - Document signed by Marie at Versailles in1783. Sie galt als höchst unbeliebt beim französischen Volk. Did Marie Antoinette say "Let Them Eat Cake"? Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Updates? They called for an escape to the interior of France and an appeal for royalist support in the provinces. Marie-Antoinette, in full Marie-Antoinette-Josèphe-Jeanne d’Autriche-Lorraine (Austria-Lorraine), originally German Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Österreich-Lothringen, (born November 2, 1755, Vienna, Austria—died October 16, 1793, Paris, France), Austrian queen consort of King Louis XVI of France (1774–93). Marie-Antoinette was guillotined in 1793 after the Revolutionary Tribunal found her guilty of crimes against the state. Marie-Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen. Marie-Antoinettes impulsivitet og letsindighed skaffede hende mange fjender, og hun stødte hoffet fra sig ved at bryde den strenge etikette. November 1755; Geburtsort: Wien, Österreich Gestorben am: 16. She was born on the same day as the famous earthquake of Lisbon. In October 1789, the royal couple was forced to move from Versailles to Paris. The stigma of being a representative of Austria when a connection with Vienna was unpopular in France remained with her throughout her life. Marie antoinette (born maria antonia josepha joanna von Österreich lothringen; november 2, 1755–october 16, 1793) was the queen of france, executed by guillotine during the french revolution. Marie Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen und Dauphine von Frankreich. LA Mayer Institut für Islamische Kunst. Oktober 1793 in Paris) wurde als Erzherzogin Maria Antonia von Österreich geboren. Biography of Marie-Antoinette, French Queen Consort, The Quote That Cost Queen Marie Antoinette Her Head, The Many Roles of Women in the French Revolution. It was with the assistance of the Swedish count Hans Axel von Fersen, French aristocrat Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, and royalist general François-Claude-Amour de Bouillé that the plans were laid for the flight of the royal family to Montmédy, on the eastern frontier. Because of Louis XVI’s indecisiveness, Marie-Antoinette played an increasingly prominent political role. The fall of finance minister Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot in 1776 must be attributed to the hostility of chief royal adviser Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, comte de Maurepas, and to the differences that arose between Turgot and foreign minister Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, over French participation in the American Revolution rather than to the direct intervention of the queen. Stephan og Maria Theresia af Østrig, og blev i 1770 gift med Frankrigs kronprins, den senere Ludvig 16. https://www.thoughtco.com/marie-antoinette-biography-3530303 (accessed April 3, 2021). She was brought before the Revolutionary tribunal on October 14, 1793, and was guillotined two days later. Oktober 1793 in Paris) wurde als Erzherzogin Maria Antonia von Österreich geboren. The princess de Lamballe, who remained loyal to the queen throughout the Revolution, was imprisoned along with her. "Biography of Marie Antoinette, Queen Executed in the French Revolution." Jone Johnson Lewis is a women's history writer who has been involved with the women's movement since the late 1960s. After France declared war on Austria in April 1792, Marie-Antoinette’s continuing intrigues with the Austrians further enraged the French. The phrase was actually first seen in print in Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "The Confessions," written before Marie Antoinette was queen. Corrections? After an initial slow start at the expected role of child-bearer—her husband apparently had to be coached in his role in this—Marie Antoinette gave birth to her first child, a daughter, in 1778, and sons in 1781 and 1785. Popular hatred of Marie-Antoinette contributed to the monarchy’s overthrow in 1792 and to her and Louis XVI’s subsequent imprisonment. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Omissions? Learn how likely it is that Marie-Antoinette uttered the famous phrase attributed to her. von Frankreich, dieser wird 1793 hingerichtet, neun Monate später folgt ihm auch seine Frau, die Witwe Capet zum Schafott. Her Parents Had 16 Children. She spent lavishly, but her extravagance was only a minor cause of France’s growing debt in the 1770s and ’80s. By the time he ascended the throne in May 1774, Marie-Antoinette had withdrawn to seek companionship and distraction among a circle of favourites and politically vulnerable companions whom she might have avoided if her private life had been more satisfactory. In her youth, she was a pawn on the diplomatic chessboard of Europe, as France and Austria attempted to navigate the complex web of allegiances that shaped the continent in the wake of the Seven Years’ War. He ascended the throne in 1774 as Louis XVI. 160 von Breguet Aufzugvorrichtung. In August–September, however, she successfully prodded him to resist the attempts of the Revolutionary National Assembly to abolish feudalism and restrict the royal prerogative. März 31, 2021 ... ob die Ehe je vollzogen worden war und entwickelte sich zur Staatsangelegenheit. Sehr seltener original Kupferstich aus dem 18. It was ultimately her husband’s personal weakness and political nullity that forced Marie-Antoinette to play such a prominent political role during the Revolution. Marie Antoinette (born Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Österreich-Lothringen; November 2, 1755–October 16, 1793) was the queen of France, executed by guillotine during the French Revolution. Durch Heirat mit dem Thronfolger Ludwig August wurde sie am 16. As with most royal daughters, Marie Antoinette was promised in marriage in order to build a diplomatic alliance between her birth family and the family of her husband. Lewis, Jone Johnson. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. Nach der Thronbesteigung ihres Gatten als Ludwig XVI. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, Marie Antoinette was born under the much less French-sounding name of Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna von Österreich-Lothringen in German-speaking Austria. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/marie-antoinette-biography-3530303. See more ideas about marie antoinette, marie antionette, french history. She is most known for supposedly saying "Let them eat cake," although the French quote translates more precisely as, "Let them eat brioche," and there is no proof that she said this. She never fully trusted Mirabeau, however, and the king refused to contemplate a civil war, which would have been the inevitable result of Mirabeau’s initial plans. Marie Antoinette war eine österreichisch-französische Adlige, Erzherzogin von Österreich und durch ihre Heirat mit Ludwig XVI. The scandal discredited the monarchy and encouraged the nobles to vigorously oppose (1787–88) all the financial reforms advocated by the king’s ministers. The 11th daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa, Marie-Antoinette was just 14 years old when she was married to the dauphin Louis, grandson of France’s King Louis XV, on May 16, 1770. She was only 14 when her parents had her married to the dauphin Louis, grandson of Louis XV of France, for diplomatic purposes. She was particularly disappointing to her brother, the Holy Roman Emperor, for her inability to further Austrian interests in France. The French were also suspicious of her ties to Austria and her influence on King Louis XVI in attempting to foster policies friendly to Austria. Porträt Marie Antoinettes, vermutlich von Jean-Baptiste-André Gautier-Dagoty, um 1775 (Musée Antoine-Lécuyer, Saint-Quentin) Marie-Antoinette (* 2. Porträt Marie Antoinettes, vermutlich von Jean-Baptiste-André Gautier-Dagoty, um 1775 (Musée Antoine-Lécuyer, Saint-Quentin) Marie-Antoinette (* 2. war sie vom 10. Because of Louis XVI’s irresolution, Marie-Antoinette was to play an increasingly important part in the secret intrigues to liberate the royal family from its virtual captivity in Paris. In October 1789 popular pressure compelled the royal family to return from Versailles to Paris, where they became hostages of the Revolutionary movement. Marie Antoinette wurde am 2. In 1770 at age 14, Marie Antoinette married the French dauphin Louis, grandson of Louis XV of France. Die Herrlichkeit von Versailles dargestellt von Marie-Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen, ist Symbol für eine sorgenfreie Zeit. Louis XVI was executed on orders from the National Convention in January 1793, and in August the queen was put in solitary confinement in the Conciergerie. As a result, she became the main target of the popular agitators, whose animosity contributed to the legend that, on being told that the people had no bread, she callously remarked, “Let them eat cake!” (“Qu’ils mangent de la brioche!”). Barnave and the Lameth brothers were anxious to check the progress of republicanism and to bring the Revolution to a close, and they gathered like minds under the banner of the Club of the Feuillants. Marie Antoinette (geb. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Königin von Frankreich und Navarra (1774–1793), die beim französischen Volk nicht zuletzt durch die legendäre „Halsbandaffäre“ (1785) äußerst unbeliebt war. Though the queen had supported Jacques Necker’s return to power at the end of August 1788 and had approved of the concession of double representation to the Third Estate, her unpopularity was at its height when the Estates-General convened at Versailles in May 1789. They arranged for the king and queen to escape from Paris on the night of June 20, but Revolutionary forces apprehended the royal couple at Varennes (June 25) and escorted them back to Paris. Reconstruction of the necklace that was at the centre of the scandal known as the Affair of the Diamond Necklace (1785). Marie Antoinette, however, remains an enduring symbol, around the world and across history, of the extravagance of monarchy and aristocracy—against which revolutionaries define their ideals. The role Marie Antoinette played in French governmental affairs, both domestic and foreign, was likely greatly exaggerated. Her charisma and lightness contrasted with the withdrawn and uninspiring personality of her husband. Lamballe refused to take an oath against the monarchy, and on September 3, 1792, she was delivered to the hands of a Parisian mob; they cut off her head and paraded it on a pike outside Marie-Antoinette’s windows. (2020, August 26). The 1785–1786 Affair of the Diamond Necklace further discredited her and reflected poorly on the monarchy. Marie-Antoinette, mixed-method colour print on two sheets of paper by Jean-François Janinet, print after Jean-Baptiste-André Gautier d'Agoty, 1777; in the British Museum. 02.06.2020 - Erkunde Alexandra Smetanas Pinnwand „Marie Antoinette“ auf Pinterest. After her mother died in 1780, she became more extravagant, which led to growing resentment. Mai 1774 an Königin von Frankreich und Navarra, nach der Französischen Revolution vom 4. - Marie Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen (1755-1793) Queen Königin France Frankreich Portrait Paris, Bligny 1770. Marie-Antoinette perpétuelle Nr. Da hängt der berühmteste Satz von Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna Erzherzogin von Österreich (1755-1793), guillotiniert als Witwe Capet, schier in … 1789 beginnt die Entmachtung ihres Mannes, König Ludwig XVI. "— often translated as "Let them eat cake!" While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Instead, she urged the necessity of an armed congress of the powers to negotiate from strength for the restoration of the royal authority. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/marie-antoinette-biography-3530303. Marie-Antoinette, in full Marie-Antoinette-Josèphe-Jeanne d’Autriche-Lorraine (Austria-Lorraine), originally German Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Österreich-Lothringen, (born November 2, 1755, Vienna, Austria—died October 16, 1793, Paris, France), Austrian queen consort of King Louis XVI of France (1774–93). By most accounts, she was a devoted mother. Paintings of the family stressed her domestic role. 393 talking about this. The second part of the document is of note because it orders payment to "our tailor ordinaire." "Marie Antoinette Archiducesse Soeur de l'Empereur Reine de France.". Marie Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen und Dauphine von Frankreich. Marie-Antoinette wurde als Erzherzogin Maria Antonia von Österreich geboren. Learn about the things movies have gotten wrong about the life of Marie-Antoinette. The royal family had been compelled to leave Versailles in 1789 and live in captivity in Paris. November 1755 in Wien; † 16. Weitere Ideen zu marie antoinette, marie antoniette, lothringen. This article was most recently revised and updated by, Early life and role in the court of Louis XVI, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marie-Antoinette-queen-of-France, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Marie Antoinette, The World of the Habsburgs - Biography of Marie Antoinette, Web Gallery of Art - Biography of Marie-Antoinette, Marie-Antoinette - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Marie-Antoinette - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), What Pop Culture Got Wrong About Marie-Antoinette, Learn about the life of Marie-Antoinette and her execution by guillotine in 1793, Étienne-François de Choiseul, duc de Choiseul, Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, comte de Maurepas, Uncover the reality behind Marie-Antoinette's famous phrase, “Let them eat cake”. In this scandal, she was accused of having an affair with a cardinal in order to obtain a costly diamond necklace. From birth, she lived the life of wealthy royalty, educated by private tutors in music and languages. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. In foreign policy, she encountered the opposition of both Louis XVI and Vergennes in her efforts to advance Austrian interests, and it is certain that her brother, Emperor Joseph II, was gravely disappointed at her lack of success. Her sister Maria Carolina was married to Ferdinand IV, King of Naples, for similar reasons. Marie-Antoinette was queen of France from 1774 to 1793 and is associated with the decline of the French monarchy. This failed escape was reportedly planned by Marie Antoinette. Die französische Königin Marie Antoinette wurde in jungen Jahren nach Frankreich verheiratet. Español : Retrato de la reina María Antonieta de Francia, 1775. This duplicity paralyzed the pacific policy of the Feuillants and did not dissuade the émigrés from their more aggressive designs for the restoration of the ancien régime. Marie antoinette the teenage queen was embraced by france in 1770. twenty three years later, she lost her head to the guillotine. Her rejection of reform provoked unrest, and her policy of court resistance to the progress of the French Revolution finally led to the overthrow of the monarchy in August 1792. Gemälde Miniaturmalerei bei eBay. Marie-Antoinette spent the remainder of her life in Parisian prisons. After a crowd stormed the Bastille on July 14, 1789, the queen failed to convince Louis to take refuge with his army at Metz. - Marie Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen (1755-1793) Queen Königin France Frankreich … As queen, Marie-Antoinette was always unpopular. Louis XVI was executed in January 1793, and Marie Antoinette was executed by the guillotine on October 16 of that year. Discredited by the royal family’s failed escape, Marie-Antoinette attempted to shore up the rapidly deteriorating position of the crown by opening secret negotiations with the leaders of the constitutional monarchists in the Constituent Assembly, namely Antoine Barnave and Theodore and Alexandre de Lameth. Her unpopularity helped lead to the overthrow of the monarchy when Parisians stormed the Tuileries Palace on August 10, 1792, followed by the establishment of the First French Republic in September. Marie Antoinette, formerly welcomed, became vilified for her spending habits and her opposition to reforms. Her name is associated with the decline in the moral authority of the French monarchy in the closing years of the ancien régime, though her courtly extravagance was but a minor cause of the financial disorders of the French state in that period. Imprisoned with the king, Marie Antoinette continued to plot. Hol dir dein Lieblingsmodell! Mai 1770 Dauphine von Frankreich. She was the youngest daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Empress Maria Theresa of the Hapsburg Empire. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Österreich-Lothringen; 2. Popular hatred of the queen provided impetus for the storming of the Tuileries Palace and the overthrow of the monarchy on August 10, 1792. Das mit dem Kuchen habe ich nie gesagt – auch wenn ich zugeben muss, dass es gut erfunden war. She was also unfortunate that the timid, uninspiring Louis proved to be an inattentive husband. Hol dir dein Lieblingsmodell! ThoughtCo. Oktober 1793 in Paris) wurde als Erzherzogin Maria Antonia von … At the end of May she seemed to have intervened little in politics, as she was distracted by the illness of her elder son, who died early in June. Marie-Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen . Marie-Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen, Königin von Frankreich, Gemälde von Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun (1755–1842) Marie-Antoinette perpétuelle Nr. Finden Sie Top-Angebote für Marie-Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen Ludwig XVI. She is a former faculty member of the Humanist Institute. After Mirabeau’s death in April 1791, the queen turned to émigrés and friends outside France for help. Marie Antoinette (née Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Österreich-Lothringen; 2 novembre 1755 - 16 octobre 1793) était la reine de France, exécutée par guillotine pendant la … Marie Antoinette was welcomed in France at first. 1777 erhielt Marie Antoinette längeren Besuch von ihrem Bruder Kaiser Joseph II. Wie Marie Antoinette die Welt veränderte Nach dem Tod des Königs Ludwig folgte im Mai 1774 die Amtszeit von Louis-Auguste . Her efforts, for example, to secure the return to power of Étienne-François de Choiseul, duc de Choiseul, in 1774 were unsuccessful. Biography of Marie Antoinette, Queen Executed in the French Revolution. Kaiserin » Biographien » Marie Antoinette Marie Antoinette. These vilifications culminated in the Affair of the Diamond Necklace (1785), in which the queen was unjustly accused of having formed an immoral relationship with a cardinal.
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